The Economic Effects of the Olympics free essay sample

Testing for Macromolecules free essay sample

To test for macromolecules (sugars, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins), iodine arrangement, liquor, aceto-orcein stain and copper sulfate arrangement are utilized. The ends for the entirety of the tests are certain. Presentation: A)Carbohydrate (starch) Carbohydrates are concoction intensifies that contain oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon iotas. They comprise of monosaccharide sugars of shifting chain lengths. Certain sugars are a significant stockpiling and transport type of vitality in many creatures, including plants and creatures. Carbs are arranged by their number of sugar units: monosaccharides, (for example, glucose and fructose), disaccharides, (for example, sucrose and lactose), and polysaccharides, (for example, starch, glycogen, and cellulose). B)Lipids Lipids are one class of aliphatic hydrocarbon-containing natural mixes fundamental for the structure and capacity of living cells. Lipids are described by being water-insoluble however dissolvable in nonpolar natural solvents. Instances of lipids are fats and oils. Fats and oils are produced using two sorts of particles: glycerol (a kind of liquor with a hydroxyl bunch on every one of its three carbons) and three unsaturated fats joined by drying out amalgamation. We will compose a custom paper test on Testing for Macromolecules or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page C)Nucleic acids A nucleic corrosive is a mind boggling, high-sub-atomic weight biochemical macromolecule made out of nucleotide chains that pass on hereditary data. The most widely recognized nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic corrosive (DNA) and ribonucleic corrosive (RNA). Nucleic acids are found in every single living cell and infections. Nucleic acids comprise of nitrogenous mixes called purines or pyrimidines, a sugar and phosphate. D)Proteins Protein is a gathering of complex natural macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and generally sulfur and are made out of at least one chains of amino acids. Proteins are essential segments of every single living cell and incorporate numerous substances, for example, chemicals, hormones, and antibodies, that are vital for the best possible working of a creature. They are fundamental in the eating regimen of creatures for the development and fix of tissue and can be gotten from nourishments, for example, meat, fish, eggs, milk, and vegetables. Materials : †¢Test tubes†¢ Iodine arrangement †¢Microscope and slides†¢ Alcohol †¢Hot plate†¢ Distilled water †¢Starch†¢ Aceto-orcein stain arrangement †¢Potato†¢ Sodium hydroxide arrangement †¢Onions†¢ Copper sulfate arrangement †¢Margerine†¢ Water shower †¢Olive oil †¢Cooked egg white Methods : Refer to page 17 and 18 (Stage 2 Biology) Results : A)Test for sugar When drops of iodine were added to starch suspension, the arrangement changed shading from earthy colored to blue. Picture saw under magnifying lens Under amplification 1010 B)Test for lipids In the test tube containing margarine, when liquor is included, the margarine doesn't break down in the liquor and was suspended on the highest point of the arrangement. When refined water was added to the test tube, shadiness happened. In the interim, in the test tube containing olive oil, when liquor is included, two fluid layers are gotten. When refined water was added to the test tube, darkness likewise happened. In the controlled test cylinder, water and liquor broke up in one another. For the dainty wedge of potato, when drops of iodine was added to it and saw under the magnifying lens, blue spots can be seen. This blue spots (starch granules) shows that potato contains sugar. B)Test for lipids In both of the test tubes, shadiness happened. Be that as it may, the darkness in the test tube containing olive oil, liquor and refined water was more noteworthy than the shadiness that happened in the test tube containing margarine, liquor and refined water. This is on the grounds that olive oil is an unsaturated triglyceride while margarine is a soaked triglyceride. In the controlled test cylinder, water and liquor disintegrated in one another. C)Test for nucleic acids Under the magnifying lens, the slide without aceto-orcein stain added to the epidermis of onion, just the cell divider and cytoplasm of the cell can be seen. For the slide that is included with aceto-orcein stain, the core of the cell can be viewed as it is recolored by the aceto-orcein stain. This shows nucleic acids are available in the core. D)Test for proteins The cooked egg white was still in strong structure when sodium hydroxide was added to it. After the blend is warmed, the cooked egg broke up in the arrangement and the arrangement turns light yellow. At the point when copper sulfate arrangement was added to the test tube, it changed shading from blue to profound purple. This shows protein is available in the test tube. Blunders: In the analysis, one mistake that happened was the thick cut of example. This influenced the picture that was seen under the magnifying lens. This is an irregular mistake. End: Macromolecules are enormous atoms found in cells. These macromolecules are starches, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

Environmental Science Essay

In spite of the fact that endeavoring to partition existing homestead plots and redistribute them might be viewed as appropriate for the motivations behind remediating food weakness and rustic neediness, there exists a lot of debate over such a training because of the issues such redistribution involve. For instance, the redistribution of land would necessitate that the disseminating element single out cases and rights to land at their carefulness, and such cases can go from notable, tribal or even from â€Å"ownership of the till. † Land change has met a lot of obstruction from even the most devastated quantities of creating nations, and it is hard to endeavor redistribution without stirring up the establishments of property rights. Cultivating communities give an unmistakable preferred position to ranchers. Above all else, they give them the chance to go about as a gathering, giving them an aggregate dealing power that they don't have as people and permits them to act as one in taking advantage of market lucky breaks while having the option to oversee chances together. As a result, they can use their inclinations better when joined as a community and it is this benefit has carried accomplishment to any semblance of the Ocean Spray Cranberry producers and the ranchers of Sunkist. (Peak, 2006; Hieu, 2008) Opening up new land is maybe the most quickly significant methods for expanding the food gracefully for a developing populace, yet this additionally represents a risk with respect to ecological effect. The issue with horticulture, particularly the huge scope grain-based modern monoculture which has been created to take care of the vast majority of the world, is that it is to a great extent unreasonable and detrimentally affects soil fruitfulness. In the primary portion of the twentieth century, an enormous part of the American Midwest was diminished to abandon because of forceful extension of the wheat developing horticulture. (Keeping an eye on, 2004) As such, what is required isn't the extension of the present modern horticulture, yet the advancement of strategies and innovations to improve cultivating so yields are better, yet without trading off supportability. Seeking after openings for work in the city isn't completely great, yet it is an alluring bearing towards the improvement of smaller networks and urban thickness. At the point when joined with practices, for example, permaculture, which is the improvement of perpetual horticultural frameworks that look like the frameworks found in normal nature (Holmgren, 2003), minimal networks viably abridge huge numbers of the naturally unfavorable impacts of spread and the inefficiency of forcing separation between food creation, private zoning and urban divisions. (Sightline Institute, n. d. ) Eventually, what is expected to address the requirements of a developing populace in the creating scene isn't the utilization of populace control measures, or a deliberate call to parsimony, however the establishment of formative approaches that perceive the necessities and needs of human culture on terms that are simply to creating countries and restorative to created ones. Alex Steffen (2006) takes note of that it isn't right to figure we can talk creating countries out of seeking after their fantasies, and prevent them from securing the material extravagance that residents of created countries underestimate. In this manner, what is essential is splendid green formative strategy, established upon the possibility that monetary extravagance proceed without rendering the planet an appalling no man's land. This would expect support to-support plans, shut circle mechanical frameworks and self-continuing foundation, quite a bit of which is as of now conceivable today. What's to come is as of now here, it’s just not very much conveyed. REFERENCES Gable, C. (2006, October). â€Å"Fields of Power; Farming Co-Ops and the Future of Biodiesel,† Organic Producer. Recovered October 9, 2008 from: http://www. organicproducermag. com/list. cfm? fuseaction=feature. display&feature_id=43 Hieu, T. (2008, July 27) â€Å"Farming communities might be answer to provincial neediness. † Vietnam Business News. Recovered October 9, 2008 from: http://www. vnbusinessnews. com/2008/07/cultivating communities might be-answer-to-country. html Manning, R. (2004) Against the Grain: How Agriculture Hijacked Civilization. New York, New York: North Point Press. Holmgren, D. (2003) Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia: Holmgren Design Services. Sightline Institute. (n. d. ) â€Å"Build Complete, Compact Communities. † Sightline Institute. Recovered October 8, 2008 from: http://www. sightline. organization/explore/sust_toolkit/basics/great_places Steffen, A. (Ed. ) (2006) Worldchanging: A User’s Guide for the 21st Century. New York: Abrams, Inc.

Vikes essays

Vikes articles The Vikings are portrayed as unpleasant individuals who threatened towns, and took what they needed. The intrusions and the history behind the vikes are largely almost evident, yet there is more past that. Close to the finish of the eight century started the multi year (AD 800-1100) Viking Age . They attacked Britain, Norway, Denmark and some more. Around the thirteenth century the Vikings started to become dull as Christianity came. The vikes accepted that earth was comprised of space called Ginnung (Martell,36) They additionally accepted that individuals were on an excursion in existence in the wake of death and covered them with food, drinks and their assets in ships. In their religion there were no sanctuaries or clerics, yet numerous divine beings. Among them, Odin, the lord of the warriors and fight, yet additionally the divine force of knowledge and verse. Thor, the divine force of thunder. At long last there was Frey, the divine force of ripeness, marriage and developing things. Around the year 1000, the Vikings became Christians and confined the desires to attack. The viking change to Christianity was regularly for exchange and governmental issues. In the event that the vikes had the option to direct quiet relations with different nations, they would have a superior possibility at building bases by which they could exchange their merchandise. (Jones and Pennick, 1995: 137) The Vikings lived any place they dominated. In 870, Iceland was found by Ingolf, who was out traveling. It took seven days from Norway to get to Iceland. Researcher realize that the vikes made a trip to numerous spots: Of 85,000 Arabic coins, 80,000 were found in Sweden. After attacks were done, the vikes requested a huge installment to leave. (Margeson 1994). Warships were utilized to strike towns, and to travel. The Vikings had great structure aptitudes. They were all long and slim. Indeed, even idea the boats had a pole and a sail, they could in any case be paddled. All boats conveyed from 24-50 paddles. The longest Viking transport at any point discovered was 92 ft long. At the point when boats were utilized as transportation, families went as well. Wom ... <!

Soccer Scholarship Essay Samples For U6 Level

Soccer Scholarship Essay Samples For U6 LevelYou don't have to worry about the essay samples for U6 level because this is not the case. So, what you need to do is to figure out a good and convincing writer for your essay. Therefore, let's get started with a few of the Soccer Scholarship Essay samples for U6 level below.The first one is the question. You need to give a reason for why the subject of your essay should be included in the program. It should include the purpose of your subject in which it helps in getting into the proper school.This is the first thing that you need to include in your essay. This is one of the most important parts of your college essay. There are many requirements for being admitted in a school but no matter how perfect your college essay is you will still get rejected if you have no one's footstep to stand on. Just the same, there are many people who will pass your qualifications but they will not get admitted because of the reason that is not related to t he sport they want to pursue.Another interesting aspect of your application essay is that you need to look at how it will help your chances of being accepted. For a sports lover, this is the reason that you need to impress the coaches and administrators. They usually look at your essay as a gauge for your self-confidence. If you are confident then you would not have to say too much but at the same time you need to tell them the quality of the education you are getting.A well-written sentence is the first thing you need to think about and do not try to write it with a bit of stress. You need to tell them about yourself and how you came to be interested in the subject. And it is best to start from the end, because you will not have enough space to go all the way through to the beginning.But the focus of your soccer scholarship essay is to convince the administrators to admit you. Therefore, you need to show your professionalism and know how to use proper grammar. This is one reason wh y you need to practice grammar.Lastly, the Football Scholarship Essay samples for U6 level are not only about writing or grammar. It is also about using specific sentence structures in order to strengthen your composition. Even though grammar may not be one of the areas you want to focus on, it is the topic that can attract the attention of the admissions committee.You do not have to worry about the Soccer Scholarship Essay samples for U6 level since this is not the case. So, what you need to do is to figure out a good and convincing writer for your essay. Therefore, let's get started with a few of the Soccer Scholarship Essay samples for U6 level below.

WEEK 3 DISCUSSION SUSTAINABLE - 275 Words

WEEK 3 DISCUSSION SUSTAINABLE (Essay Sample) Content: What is Boundary? Name Institution of Affiliation Instructor Date What is Boundary? In every aspect, there are boundaries set to limit extension or application and utilization of resources created for a certain purpose. The boundaries is what distinguish the application of any resource considering that they might be utilized differently. For instance, a people's park is made for specific purposes of the communities living in the neighborhood region. For example, it can be for recreational activities within the region. The boundaries are what distinct the activities which can be done within the park and the activities which can be done outside the park. The restrictions created for the region serves as the border between the park and the neighboring areas. The activities done within the identified park regions are different from the activities which are done the outside the park. From the approach as many of the individuals acknowledge, failure to adhere to the regulations set then one is regarded as a law breaker. Even though there is regulation set, there are some of the activities which seem to be carried out which are against the regulation such activities, therefore, are said to be crossing the borders but due to their demand they are allowed. These activities are such as hawking activities and unauthorized meetings held within the park. The reason for their existence is due to that the activities are not recognized to be harmful to the individuals in the area, but when it turns to be destructive, then such activities are referred to be against the set regulations. Some of exchanges and interaction seem to cross the border, but this doesn't mean that the identified region is open and similar to the neighborhood. In conclusion, the border can be conceptualized in different approaches depending on the field of application. Therefore, border is what differentiate one region or item from the other and determine its purpose.[(Berg, E. a. (2009). "Forms of Normalisation in the Quest for De Facto Statehoodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The International Specta tor, 44(4)...

Synthesis Of Learning A Child s Perceptual Development

Synthesis of Learning A child’s perceptual development is constantly growing and changing from the very beginning of life. Sensory systems including touch, vision, hearing, taste, and smell develop early on but tend to mature with development. A child’s senses are a natural set of capabilities that allow them to form perceptions. When children use movement to interact with their environmental stimuli they are using their senses to gather and interpret information. The information that is collected through the senses enables young children to form ideas and concepts (Ruffin, 2009). Infants and young children are rapidly learning about the world while using sensory systems to form perceptions in their experiences. As a result, perception is increasingly important in cognition and plays a large role in a child’s ability to think or gain knowledge. With that being said, I have concluded that infants and young children already possess or are naturally equipped with the systems that enable them to be cognitively competent. An infant and young child’s five senses enable them to learn as they experience and interact with objects and people around them. According to Ruffin (2009), â€Å"As children gain understanding and meaning of the world, their cognitive development can be observed in the ways they play, use language, interact with others, and construct objects and material† (para.22). While some philosophers suggest that perceptual abilities are learned, other theorists includingShow MoreRelatedThe First Stage Of Erik Erikson s Theory Centers Essay2017 Words   |  9 PagesThe first stage of Erik Erikson s theory centers around the infant s basic needs being met by the parents. The infant depends on the parents, especially the mother, for food, sustenance, and comfort. The child s relative understanding of world and society come from the parents and their interaction with the child. If the parents expose the child to warmth, regularity, and dependable affection, the infant s view of th e world will be one of trust. Should the parents fail to provide a secure environmentRead More Dealing with Learning Disabilities Essay1925 Words   |  8 PagesDealing with Learning Disabilities â€Å"He’ll know things one day, but not the next†. â€Å"She is seeing or writing words or numbers backwards.† â€Å"She has difficulty grasping simple concepts†. These are comments made by teachers who have classified certain students in their classroom as having the unfortunate burden of a learning disability. A learning disability is â€Å"a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, whichRead MoreCase Study of Gestalt Play Therapy Essay3194 Words   |  13 Pagescan also be considered as the essence, or shape of a complete form. A theoretical opposite of structuralism, the entity constitutes more than the sum of its parts. Gestalt therapy is comprised of a complex psychological system that stresses the development of client self-awareness and personal responsibility through a process-oriented, experiential and phenomenological modality that addresses the totality of an individual in terms of senses, body, emotions and intellect.† In an active process,Read Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 PagesCalifornia Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2 CALIFORNIA DEPAR TMENT OF EDUCATION †¢ SACRAMENTO, 2010 California Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2 Visual and Performing Arts Physical Development Health Publishing Information The California Preschool Learning Foundations (Volume 2) was developed by the Child Development Division, California Department of Education. This publication was edited by Faye Ong, working in cooperation with Laura Bridges and DesireeRead More Laughter Improves Health Essay example2974 Words   |  12 Pages     Ã‚   Laughter is an essential human phenomenon. Smiling in response to pleasant physical conditions occurs in early development, usually in the first month of life. As a motor reflex, laughter is usually present by the time a child is 4 months old. By the age of eighteen months, a child smiles once every six minutes, and by four years of age, the rate increases to one smile every one and one-third minutes. The ratio of laughs to smiles increases from one laugh to every ten smiles as eighteenRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 PagesCognitive Development Preview Examining the shape of children’s development allows us to understand it better. Every childhood is distinct, and is the first chapter in a new biography. This chapter is about children’s physical and cognitive development. These are some of the questions we will explore: †¢ Do children develop in distinct stages, or is their development smoother and more continuous? †¢ How do children develop physically, and how does this affect their behaviour and learning? †¢ What isRead MoreBrain and Assignment9854 Words   |  40 PagesEDT201K/101/3/2011 SCHOOL OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER EDUCATION The Young Child and Learning MODULE CODE: EDT201K TUTORIAL LETTER: 101/2011 Read this tutorial letter first. It contains compulsory assignments as well as important information. 2 Contents 1 1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION Welcome 1.2 Contents of the syllabus 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 Tutorial matter Inventory letter Prescribed book Recommended books 1.4 Communication with the university Read MoreAn Additional Facet of the Incest Taboo: a Protection of the Mating-strategy Template5027 Words   |  21 Pagesfuel the discussions. Nested within differences in the theorists orientations and conclusions is a consensus that, with very few exceptions, sexual intercourse is prohibited between members of the nuclear family who are not spouses -- father-child, mother-child, son-sibling, daughter-sibling. Most cultures extend the prohibition beyond the nuclear family to include grandparents, uncles, aunts, nieces, and nephews, both consanguine and affinal (see Fox, 1967, and Schusky, 1972, for examples). FurtherRead MoreA Brief Note On Who S Afraid Of The Frankenstein Monster?3451 Words   |  14 Pages CYBORG + THE ESP: Augmentation of Flesh SEMINAR BEHAVIOR Examining The Proto-Systemic TUTORS Theodore Spyropoulos Ryan Dillon TUTORS (SYNTHESIS) Doreen Bernath Winston Hampel STUDENT Aleksandar Bursac MARCH, 2015. OUTLINE 00 PREFACE p.3 01 ABSTRACT p.4 02 THE CYBORG : WHO’S AFRAID OF THE FRANKENSTEIN MONSTER? p.5 03 STELARC + ORLAN : A BODY VS THE BODY: OPERATIONAL/HAPTIC p.6 04 MULLINS + HARBISSON : NO MORERead MoreAp Psychology Review Packet12425 Words   |  50 PagesAcetylcholine:  neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning and memory. 4.Achievement Motivation:  desire for accomplishment. 5.Achievement Test:  an exam designed to test what a person has earned. 6.Acoustic Encoding:  encoding of sound, especially words. 7.Acquisition:  the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. 8.Action Potential:  a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. 9.Activation Synthesis:  theory that REM sleep triggers neural firing

There is No Perfect Society - 564 Words

Imagine a perfect society where there is no problems with the government,no money issues, and no social injustice. Sorry to tell you there is no such thing. In this essay I will tell you about three societies that have failed Ancient Rome, America, and Unwind. As you read you will see the cracks in their society that lead them to fail. Like no centralized government, excessive money spending and social injustice. No centralized government in a society is a major factor why societies fail. In the fake society of unwind Connor is a runaway unwind and his parents try so hard to get him unwound and spend the time and money of tracking his cellphone and have the juvey cops come. In this society they care so much about unwinds on the street and unwinds are really not harmful there just trying not to get killed or unwound as they call it. The government tries to control the people and say that unwinding is good but theyre not thinking about the kids. Theyre only thinking about themselves and that makes the runway unwinds mad so that will lead to a revolt because the government is not centralized and not being fair. Rome had no centralized government during the time of the Roman expansion they only focused on the military and expanding their territory and didnt think about the people or the consequences for doing those things like loss of money,invasion, and unhappy people.No centralized government a nd bad political leaders is one if the three reasons why societies fail. TheShow MoreRelatedIs Utopia A Perfect Society822 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept of a â€Å"perfect† society. It is told from the perspective of a man Tomas moore is talking to. This man is Raphael Hythloday, who was a voyager and went to an island with very different rules and way of life. The book talks about the way these people live, and the way other countries live. Questions on this topic are what will be addressed. What are big problems that other countries have that Utopia doesn’t? What are some of the ways of life the utopians live by? Is this Utopia perfect, or achievableRead MoreNo Society Can Be Perfect900 Words   |  4 PagesNo Society Can Be Perfect In The Giver by Lois Lowry, the author paints a picture of an imperfect society by the way she describes the community. People in the society are completely clueless about memories, feelings, and colors. The receiver of the community’s memories gains all the knowledge of the past events that have happened, so no one can receive any memories, and thereby have sameness throughout the community. Life for these individuals is easy and controlled. When a person is a part ofRead MoreDystopian Society Is An Illusion Of A Perfect Society1418 Words   |  6 PagesA dystopian society is an illusion of a perfect society. Think of a world where having fun isn’t allowed. Nothing that has been created is fun no sports, no computer games, no music and everything in life has a purpose. You are forced to work for the rest of your life a job that the government chose. The government chooses who you are going to marry, where you are going to live and how much you are going to make. Howe ver, one person is assigned a job that he enjoyed and is fun. It is so fun thatRead MoreThe Perfect Woman in Our Society1540 Words   |  7 PagesSociety and people on a whole demonstrates what a perfect woman should be like. The picture of a perfect woman in our society is demonstrated in advertisements, on different magazine covers, and for just about anything that a woman is featured in. Now my question is why the pressure is so heavily placed on females to be so perfect? Women are pressured in many aspects of their lives, like how they look, their emotions, and their role as a woman. Women in society have a certain appearance to lookRead MoreA Perfect Utopian Society Is Not A Utopia850 Words   |  4 PagesIn a perfect utopian society everyone gets what they need because communication, understanding, and open mindedness of different ideas would be key. In order for a society to be a utopia, everyone has to be comfortable and be provided with their wants and needs and everything needs to function perfectly. In order for function and equality, people must compromise in thoughts and ideas to provide for everyone. To do that, one must have a good understanding of why others may think differently and haveRead MorePlato s Model Of The Perfect Society945 Words   |  4 Pagesof the perfect society rests on the discussion that Socrates has with others regarding justice. Plato paints a picture of moral value that can be reflective in both political and civil life. Plato’s society runs in harmony when each person finds their function and contributes to the society . Carpenters must build houses, teachers need to teach, and farmers need to farm. The main point is for main too keep obtaining knowledge, it is through the obtaining of knowledge that a better society will beRead MoreDystopia Is A Society Of A Perfect Utopian World889 Words   |  4 PagesDystopia is a society that is being controlled in every way. The society is controlled by a mindless bureaucracy through a tangle of red tape, relentless regulations, and incompetent government officials. The key characteristic of a dystopian society is that citizens go through torture because they’re living in a dehumanized state. Essentially the society is an illusion apparition of a perfect utopian world. All of the society’s freedom is cramped. There is complete fearfulness in all of all theRead MoreThe Perfect Society In Sir Thomas Mores Utopia790 Words   |  4 Pagesideal or perfect Society. In Sir Thomas More’s â€Å"Utopia† we are introduced to such a society. However, today’s reader can see that the society More’s mention’s is filled with many underlying problems that make it seem less ideal or perfect, because it puts too much stress on the freedom’s and rights of its citizens. Such an act is detrimental in creating a utopia, because if the citizens are not happy with their freedom’s and rights then how can such a society be considered ideal or perfect, it is insteadRead MorePerfect Society in George Orwells Animal Farm1790 Words   |  7 Pagesthe destruction of the egalitarian utopia that the animals have created. He suggests that the flaws of human nature are too much to overcome, and that this â€Å"perfect† and equal society is impossible. In the novel Animal Farm, George Orwell demonstrates that the human tendency to manipulate and be manipulated is what prevents us from being perfect. The pigs rise to power because of their manipulation of language. Old Major gives a riveting speech about a dream he wishes to pass on to the other animalsRead MorePuritanism Covenant and the Perfect Society in New England1536 Words   |  7 PagesPuritanism Covenant and the Perfect Society in New England When the Puritans came to New England, they came to settle with a clear society in mind. Not only would this society be free from the persecution that they endured in Old England; it would be free to create what the leader of the religion referred to as a perfect society. In their attempt to escape the persecution they had come so accustomed to, they set up their own rigid belief system based on the inclusion of the human soul and

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1227 Words

F. Scott Fitzgerald, American short-story writer and famous novelist, is well-known for having written The Great Gatsby in 1925, also known as his magnum opus. His personal life was also why many individuals knew about him. He was always known as an alcoholic, and after he finished writing The Great Gatsby, his alcoholic and depression problems got worse, so he tried to keep writing novels, like Tender is the Night, but they were all failures according to the readers (Willett, Erika). When Fitzgerald died, his novels started becoming great American novels, like The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald focused his stories on the Roaring Twenties and the American Dream, which grasped many individuals’ attention. The Great Gatsby was a perfect representation of the American society in that time period. Fitzgerald used his excellent writing skills to criticize Americans and influence them at the same time. All individuals wanted to be wealthy to be able to live a perfect life, but only people that were born in wealthy families could have that privilege in that time period. Immigrants also wanted to achieve their American Dream, but they would have to work very hard to make it happen (Library of Congress). Materialism was the finish line for all Americans. Since they were already wealthy, all they wanted to do was buy more and more. They felt powerful when they owned more things than others. The Great Gatsby gives the readers a â€Å"sneak peek† of what life in the U.S. was like in the 1920’s.Show MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is s o prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. 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Short Story - 984 Words

The mechanics of my job are horribly misunderstood. I am not a creator, nor am I a donator. I am just a reseller, somebody who gives away their trash for a price. â€Å"Can I please get an order of love for my daughter?† The ruddy-faced man in front of me wags his finger at me expectantly, causing me to sigh. â€Å"I’m sorry, I haven’t had love for a couple of years now.† â€Å"Excuse me? I thought this was an emotion shop!† I know not to try and reason with this man any further, as his already red face is starting to turn a darker shade of beet. Obviously, he does not understand that I am no god and that the limited emotions I feel are a hindrance to my ability to create. Unfortunately for my business, the man angrily walked away, grumbling†¦show more content†¦I’m not a damn magician, so can you get the fuck out? There’s a booth over there that sells medicines.† She doesn’t even blink, â€Å"I know, but you’re the only one who doesn’t look scary. The guys over there have weird chains on them!† â€Å"I’m not scary?† â€Å"No, miss, you’re not. You look like my mama.† â€Å"Wow, you really wanna save your mama, huh?† She shakes her head slightly, and I swear, her voice gets deeper as she explains, â€Å"No, I want my mama to die faster so I’ll have food to eat.† The girl’s eyes are blank, and I realize that I should give her what she wants for my sake. If I don’t, she’ll probably attempt to kill someone, and therefore give me an even worse reputation. Imagine that headline: Another Crazy Bitch Attempts Murder after Visiting Vika’s Booth. Business for me is already slow enough, especially since people these days are so interested in the rare feelings. I don’t even understand how I made this into a business. How can people sincerely believe that an self-made orphan such as myself can feel love and happiness more than them? I wait another hour alone in the shop before deciding on closing for the day. I want to wander around the place before it turns dark, and people lock their doors in fear of being kidnapped, and brought to one of many tombs. In those tombs, they are then forced to grant the dead’s last wish until they, themselves die. Usually, those lastShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

A Comparison of Macbeth and Crime and Punishment Essay Example For Students

A Comparison of Macbeth and Crime and Punishment Essay Shakespeares Macbeth and Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment explore the psychological depths of man. These two works examine tragedy as represented through the existential beliefs of many philosophers. Existentialist theory expresses the idea that man can satisfy his own needs, regardless of social codes, if he has the energy and ambition to act. Both Macbeth and Raskolnikov have the ambition to act, but each struggles internally with their actions, frightened of the consequences. Although these works examine the tragedy and remorse of Macbeth and Raskolnikov, the idea of a driving force within each character remains evident. Ultimately, William Shakespeares Macbeth and Fyodor Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment present similar aspects of the existential philosophy that examine the thoughts and actions of the two protagonists. The existential principle remains apparent within these works. The themes of existentialism vary, but one main focus is that man appeases himself by acting on his desires. Ignorance and hollowness penetrate human existence, creating anxiety, reverence, and dejection Moore Bruder 503. And man faces, as the most prominent fact of human existence, the need to decide how he is to live within this absurd and irrational world Moore Bruder 504. Macbeth employs many existentialist concepts. Macbeths murdering of Duncan to obtain his kingship displays a basic existentialist philosophy in that he eliminated his obstacles in order to fulfill his ambition Gellrich 17. The witches who constantly taunt Macbeth drive him to his ultimate goal Craig 255. Dostoevsky also employs an existentialist philosophy in his novel. The set of unconscious drives Cox 42 that propel Raskolnikov to commit his crime reveal that human nature is not entirely definable by its rationalityJalava 1. This relates to existentialism by virtue of people occasionally performing certain actions that cannot be explained Jalava 6. Both the works of Shakespeare and Dostoevsky suggest existential approaches to tragedyGellrich 257 that ultimately determines the protagonists fate. The two protagonists, Macbeth and Raskolnikov, possess tragic flaws that lead to their downfalls. Confronted with numerous alternative courses of action, the tragic hero agonizes in his intentions and understands that he is going to suffer no matter which choice he makes Gellrich 17. The tragic hero is recognized primarily because he is a free and responsible agent whose extraordinary stature is established in a refusal to accept the limitations posed from without, Gellrich 256 moreover exhibiting existentialist concepts. Existential tragedy remains elucidated within the works of Shakespeare. The problems of a tragic hero tend to come out into the open and lead to his demise in that every tragic heros rapport manifests itself in its own way such as the hallucinations of Macbeth Honigmann 69. The virtue and bravery shown in Macbeth are overcome by the evil force of the witches who draw him to his demise Somerville 33. Similarly, Raskolnikov evinces himself as the epitome of a tragic agent. Raskolnikov commits the murder because he was drawn by a power over which he now has no control, Goddard 14 thus once again exhibiting the existential philosophy  that man has no control over his actions. Tragically, Raskolnikov struggles internally wondering why he committed such a horrible deed, further illustrating the point of existentialists in that mans conduct is unexplainable Bradbury 38. The existential theory explains the motivation for both protagonists. The philosophy of existentialists stresses mans determination to satisfy his aspirations. The bases for their belief stems from the conception of the human condition, Stone 1 referring to the manner in which mans actions are justified. The existentialist ideas focus on the irrationality behind mans behavior Jalava 1. Furthermore, Macbeth demonstrates his motivation through his thoughts and actions. Illustrating the theory of existence as fallacious, and feeling ashamed of his actions, Macbeth loses his mind Somerville 33. Of course, the thought of becoming king at last drove Macbeth to acquire his ultimate goal, transforming him from a noble man to an irrational and senseless one Campbell 238. Lastly, Raskolnikov exhibits inspiration for his actions through his rational. Dostoevskys Raskolnikov commits murder because he feels the need to affirm something to himself about his own identity, explaining the existential concept of filling the emptiness within ones self. Cox 42. Raskolnikov, moreover, feels a void in his life for which some form of stimulus must complete, thus justifying the existential belief about the preposterousness of human nature Kern 127. .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 , .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 .postImageUrl , .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 , .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82:hover , .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82:visited , .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82:active { border:0!important; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82:active , .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82 .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1339fb938de7d6687f8eb7cc59e04f82:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Big Brother and The Weakest Link EssaySymbolism and imagery in both works present existential concepts. Shakespeares symbols illustrate the inner feelings and ambitions of his protagonists. The nightmares of Macbeth reveal Macbeths desire to obtain the kingship, and yet his nightmares also show how uncomfortable Macbeth is with his decision to murder Duncan, presenting no reason for his absurd actions Goddard 14. The nightmares, of which Macbeth has no control, displays the existential philosophy Goddard 14. Furthermore, Macbeth contains dark imagery that relates to existentialism. The constant references to night foreshadows the evil deeds that are soon to occur Spurgeon 330. Night, moreover emphasizing the existential principles, lies as the only safe place where Macbeth can commit evil deeds which might appall the devil Spurgeon 331. Dostoevskys usage of recurrent imagery illustrates man attempting to appease his intentions. The crossing of a bridge or a river stands as a symbol for the decision-making process Cox 56. Raskolnikov frequently sways back and forth between the extremes of aggression and submission Cox 57 when he is on a bridge, illustrating the existential belief of how absurdity and separation permeate mans existence Moore Bruder 503. Feelings of remorse which resemble existential concepts surface after the deeds of both Macbeth and Raskolnikov. Existentialism remains the bases for both protagonists penitence. A view of an existential philosophy states human existence is ultimately absurd and inexplicable, Kern 144 meaning that every action by man raises questions. And yet another similar notion of the existential theory maintains the constant irrationality of existence and how it creates anxiety Moore Bruder 503. Macbeth possesses regret for his insane actions. Macbeths guilt overwhelms him to the point where it drives him insane, demonstrating the  frustration behind acts of irrationality Craig 262. Macbeth, well aware of the consequences for his actions, and revealing attributes associated with existential concepts, is ready to accept responsibility for his inconceivable deed Craig 265. In addition, Raskolnikov exhibits existential beliefs through his remorse. Showing the absurdity so often referred to in existential philosophy, Raskolnikov, feeling tremendous guilt after killing the old woman, refuses to feel any desire for anything Dostoevsky 8. The terror of contempt Dostoevsky 8 frightens Raskolnikov more than anything else because he realizes the stupidity behind his behavior. Existentialist concepts exist in the punishment of Shakespeares Macbeth and Dostoevskys Raskolnikov. Chastisement remains evident in these works through the existential philosophy. Existential philosophers insist that the irrational actions of humans cannot be explained Moore Bruder 498. Men, according to existentialism, decide their own existence or fate through their thoughts and actions Kern 147. Macbeths punishment defines his existence. Forced to live with his actions, Macbeth confronts many obstacles that attempt to challenge his sanity, further depicting the existential concepts of irrationality Craig 262. Secondly, as a result of Macbeths murdering of Duncan, Macbeth, himself is slain, illustrating the existential point that absurdity creates treachery and demise Craig 267. Moreover, Dostoevskys Raskolnikov suffers a painful fate. Demonstrating the implausibility of the existential philosophy, Raskolnikov is separated from the other convicts by his social background and his solitary temperament Bradbury 35. The most pressing punishment of Raskolnikov is the disintegration of his mind and character, Dostoevsky 8 which accounts for the existential concept involving the deterioration of mans existence. Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment and Shakespeares Macbeth explore the depths of irrationality in both Raskolnikov and Macbeth. Both Shakespeare and Dostoevsky create characters who decide their own existence. The tragedy of these protagonists comes as a direct result of their actions. After each commits his murder, an uneasy feeling enters the bodies of Macbeth and Raskolnikov, ultimately leading to their downfalls. U.S. News World Reports Brian Duffy compared the Unabomber Theodore Kaczynski, to a character worthy of Dostoevsky, 30 commenting on Dostoevskys criminal ingenious. Shakespeares Macbeth idealizes the tragic hero whose absurd actions cause destruction. These two masterpieces examine redemption through suffering Wasiolek 2 that dramatizes the philosophic principles of existentialism.

Lazzaro Spallanzani Essay Example For Students

Lazzaro Spallanzani Essay Lazzaro Spallanzai, was the Italian physiologist who was one of the founders of experimental biology. Born in Scandiano, a small town in the providence of Emilia on Jan. 12, 1729 , Spallanzani was among the many dedicated philosophersof the eighteeth century (Lazzaro 1). His main scientific interests were biological and was a master at mircoscopy,but he also looked into problems of physics,chemistry, geology, and meteorology, and volcanology (Gillispie,1). After attending a local school, Spallazani went at afe fifteen to a Jesuit seminary n Reggio Emilia where he dominated in rhetoric, philosophy, and languages. He left Reggio Emilia in 1749 to study jurisprudence at the ancient University of Bologna, where he expanded is education in mathematics, chemistry, natural history, and aquired a knowledge of French (Asimov,1). For three years he worked toward his docterine in law. In 1753 or 1754 he became a doctor of philosophy. Then, he recieved instructions in metaphysics and theology and took minor orders. Within a few years he became a priest and added himself to two congregations in Modena (Gillispie,2). Spallanzani, in hundreds of experiments tested various rituals for rendering infusions permanently barren and finally found that they remained free of microorganisms when put into flasks that were sealed and the contents boiled for one hour (Lazzaro 1). The entrance of air into the flask through a slight crack in its neck was Patel 2 followed infusoria. He reported no spontaneous generation in strongly heated infusions protected from aerial contamination. In 1765, after cutting up thousands of earthworms and exploiting the ability of the aquatic salamander to regrow its tail, he resolved to nvestigate reproductive phenomena in animals ans plants(Gillispie,3). He proved this by cuting theworms the area that affected the segmental regenerative response. Amputation of the tailwas followed by vascularization of the transparent growing stump. He also established the general law that in susceptible species inverse ratio obtains between the regenerativecapacity and age of the animal. Lazzaro launched countless experiments relating to infusion animalcules and spermatic worms, with result that soon made chimera of thevegetatice force and undermined the docterine of organic molecules; but hese ideasdemanded more attention so they were postponed (Asimove,2). He also found that complex infusoriaare more susceptible to heat and cold than the infinitely minute germ of lower class,whose relative resistance he ascribed to their eggs. In 1777 he publicly demonstrated the great force exerted by the gizzards of fowls and ducks in polverizing hollow glass globules thus confirming Redis century-old account. He studied the circulation of blood through the lungs and experimented on digestive juices, which he observed, were specialized for disgesting different foods. Attempting to discover what art of the semen was essential for generation, he filtered samples from amphibians and discovered that the higher the filteration, the less likely was the development of an egg. Spallanzani had adopted the newchemical docterine that developedfollowing the discoveries, mainly by British chemists, of carbon dioxcide, hydrogen,nitrogen, and oxygen during the period 1755-1774. In 1768 he reported there findings in Prodromo di un opera da imprimersi sopra le riproduzioni animaki, which he intended as a prelude to Patel 3 a major work on animal reproduction (Gillispie,5). Spallanzani in the year of 1788 ourneyed to the Two Sicilies, mainly in order to correct deficiencies in the volcanic collections of the museum. He also went to the volcano Enta and tested the flow of the lava by going five feet close to it. He reported that bellowing gas explosions forced the red hot lava out and ejected massive rocks, which later helped the science of volcanology (Astimov,2). In 1789 to 1790 he climbed the Modense Apennines carrying chemicalappartus for examing the natural gas fires of Barigazzo and the salses. Two years later, he made further studies of eels at Lake Comacchio. In his last experiments he ried to demonstrate how body tissues convert what is now knows as oxygen into carbon dioxide (Gillispie,9). .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 , .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 .postImageUrl , .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 , .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0:hover , .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0:visited , .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0:active { border:0!important; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0:active , .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0 .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7dc709be062d74f76b4baeb79b2f3ca0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Skewed vision EssayLazzaro Spallanzani suffered from an unlarged prostate complicated by a chronic bladder infection. On February 11, 1799 shortly after his seventeith birthday, he became anuric and fell unconscious (Lazzaro.. 1). Throughout his life time Spallanzani had recieved many honors, including membership in the ten most distinguished Italian academies, and foreign associateship in a dozen famous European scientific societies. Hed also had his work published in several different volumes (Gillispie,10). Philosophy

Sharon Olds And William Shakespeare Essays - Sonnet 116, Sharon Olds

Sharon Olds And William Shakespeare From the Present to the Future through the Eyes of Love Plato once said, ?At the touch of love everyone becomes a poet.? What is Love? Love is ?an attraction based on sexual desires: affection and tenderness felt by lovers.? (Merriam ? Webster's Dictionary) We see a lot of love, marriage, broken-hearts, lust, and sex in today society but also in poetry we read by great authors. A poem such as Sharon Olds, ?Sex Without Love.? Also from the past that knew the meaning of love through his plays, poems, and especially from his sonnets, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116 ?Let me not the marriage of true minds.? I will analyze each poem and sonnet and show my own point of view and show the similarities and differences. In Sharon Olds, ?Sex Without Love,? she passionately describes the author's disgust for casual sex. She vividly animates the immortality of lustful sex through her language variety. Olds' clever use of imagery makes this poem come to life. Her frequently uses of similes to make the audience imagine actual events. For example, Olds describes making love as ?Beautiful as dancers.? (Sharon Olds, Line #2) In this line, she questions how one can do such a beautiful act with a person whom one is not in love with. Olds also describes sex as ?gliding over each other like ice skaters over the ice.?(Sharon Olds, Line #3,4) She is referring to sex as a performance. Imagine an ice-skating performance, each ice skater is performing for judges and an audience to win an award. Olds uses this simile to relate people performing for one another. When two people truly are in love, there is no need for any special show or performance. Another simile the author uses is ?As wet as the children at birth wh ose mothers are going to give them away,? (Sharon Olds, Line #6,7,8) to simulate a sweaty lovemaking scene. The simile ?light rising slowly as steam off their joined skin? (Sharon Olds, Line #11,12,13) can also be used to perceive the same image of a hot, sweaty, and passionate love making scene. The author repeatedly questions how two people who are not in love can perform such a spiritual act. The simile ?As wet as the children at birth whose mothers are going to give them away,? can also be used to represent the outcome of lustful copulation. When two people engage in sexual activities, a large percent of the mothers choose to ignore the outcome and either abort or give their children up for adoption. Olds compares the lovers with ?great runners.? (Sharon Olds, Line #18) In this simile, she implies that lovers are alone with their own pleasures. Olds' questions this selfishness throughout the poem. How can two people be alone in pleasure, when sex is supposed to be both physicall y and emotionally shared between lovers? Olds uses hyperbole to describe her belief that sex and God are entwined. ?These are the true religions, the priest, the pros, the one who will not accept a false Messiah, love the priest instead of the God.? (Sharon Olds, Lines #13-17) In these lines she says that sex is more than pleasure, and if one is merely using sex for pleasure they are accepting a false God. She describes people as hypocrites who claim to love the lord, yet engage in immoral sex. In the lines, ?How do they come to the / come to the / come to the / God / come to the / still waters, and not love / the one who came there with them,? (Sharon Olds, Lines #8-11) Olds describes two people climaxing. The choice of words wet, come, still waters, and came add to the suggestion of this climax. Olds uses the sexual imagery to address her subject as well as to convey a sense of intimacy. Olds' perceives sex as spiritual, and wonders how people can bring a person with whom they are not in love with before God. Olds uses hyperbole to share her disgust of casual sex with her audience. Sharon Olds clearly despises people who engage in sex without being in love. She is able to emphasize her view in a

Writing A Police Officer Essay Sample

Writing A Police Officer Essay SampleStudents who are in college or graduating high school should be familiar with the idea of writing an essay on police officer interview scenarios. This is a good skill to have, as most employers require that students know the answers to at least some of the questions asked in police interview scenarios. There are many questions asked in this type of interview, but students should learn how to answer all of them correctly, as being unprepared may cause you to miss out on a great job opportunity.For example, students should know how to prepare a police officer essay sample for each scenario they will be asked to write. The format should follow a certain pattern, such as starting the essay with questions about the student's education, work experience, and so on. Students should then address the police officer scenarios in each paragraph. They should start by discussing each scenario, describe what happened, and write down their thoughts on each topic. Students can use a police officer essay sample to brainstorm ideas for each topic. They can then create a formal, more detailed essay on that topic. They should end each paragraph with an appropriate conclusion that lists the topics covered and the reasons for the student's conclusions. The topics should include things like the student's role in the situation, if there were any outside factors, and the other people involved. After this, students should add a few details, as well as include an interesting fact, such as anything the student has seen in real life that would help the person to answer the questions asked in the police interview scenario.Police officer essay sample can be short, or very long. Depending on the length of the essay, it may be necessary to make several copies. These copies may be distributed to potential employers.If students plan to use a police officer essay sample to write a research paper, they should include this information in the body of the essay. The se papers should also include a few examples of police officer essay samples, which students can use to reference. They should also note what kind of information was included in each essay, as well as information that are unique to the research topic.Students should remember that the police officer essay sample is only one example of possible police officer scenarios. The same things should be considered for all scenarios. Students should not try to add a particular twist to each scenario. Instead, they should consider the major points and the main issues in each scenario.A student who is unsure of how to begin and write a police officer essay sample should use the tips and guidelines provided by some schools. Usually, the guidance counselor for the college will be able to provide these materials, so students should consult with this person before beginning the project. This person may be able to provide information on the student's school or major, or help a student to determine th e type of essay that will be most suitable for the college.Police officer essay sample can be very helpful in preparing for a career in law enforcement. Students should know how to write these kinds of essays, and they should also have an idea of what questions to ask in a police interview.

6 reasons you need to quit your jobâ€now

6 reasons you need to quit your job- now If you hate your job, most people will tell you to stick it out for a number of very reasonable reasons. They’ll try to convince you that it’s not so bad, that you can make lemonade, that it takes lots of time to plan another move. Here, however, are 6 reasons why you should think about actually quitting  sooner rather than later. We know that some things are not worth sticking out even another week.1. It’s making you physically ill.Your body is literally done with the place. Your stomach is in knots, you have headaches, you feel anxious and depressed at work- or even at the thought of going into work. Listen to your body. This job is wearing you down. The stress is making you sick. Staying at a job like this can have really bad long-term effects on your overall health and happiness.2. The best you can hope for is mediocrity.If you aren’t being given sufficient opportunities to grow or challenges that allow you to stretch your abilities, chances are you won’t excel- personally or professionally. You’ll continue to be bored, your work will be mediocre, and your self-esteem will have nowhere to go but down. Is that the best you can expect (or want) for yourself?3. You’ve stayed way too long- and everyone knows it.Do you get the sense that your job has effectively passed its sell-by date and you’ve outgrown the position? When you think of doing the same tasks you’ve been doing for ages, does it leave a rotten taste in your mouth? If this sounds familiar, there’s a good chance your job has run its course. Why are you sticking around? You have the experience and skills, so come up with a plan  now for how you can use them to get a promotion or new position that deserves the new you.4.   You have dreams of entrepreneurship.You really want to go out on your own, have a great business idea, and are sick of working for other people and pushing papers around. Take a deep breath and put yourself i nto position to take a shot at your dream. If you fail, you can always go back, but if you never try you’ll never know what’s out there for you.5. Your boss is terrible.Bad bosses never get better or more bearable. If there’s no way for you to move to a different department or get promoted to a new manager, then you’re just signing yourself up for endless, daily misery by staying under your toxic boss.6. Your good reputation is fading fast.You’re miserable, so you’re calling in sick all the time. You’ve had a few public confrontations with your boss. Your work has begun to suffer. Leave now before your formerly stellar reputation starts to slide.Ask yourself: can you survive (i.e. pay rent and bills and feed yourself) if you were to quit today? If the answer is yes, go forth and quit. Make sure you have some vague idea of how to line a job up for yourself next month, but focus on getting out of a bad situation this month. You might fi nd that actually quitting forces you to make the changes you need to end up where you really want to be.

Basics of collective bargaining and its effects within globalisation

Basics of collective bargaining and its effects within globalisation a. What may McDonalds have considered in order to establish their approaches to collective bargaining in both Germany and the UK? To answer the above question we first need to know about basics of collective bargaining where Collective Bargaining is defined as the process of turning disagreements into agreements in an orderly fashion. Collective bargaining is the process followed to establish a mutually agreed set of rules and decisions between unions and employers for matters relating to employment. This is a regulating process dealing with the regulation of management and conditions of employment. Collective bargaining is used as the negotiation process between employees and employers with unions acting as the representatives of employees. The entire process depends on the bargaining powers of the concerned parties. The process of collective bargaining is to settles down any conflicts regarding the conditions of employment such as wages, working hours and conditions, overtime paym ents, holidays, vacations, benefits, insurance benefits etc. and management regulations. Players involved in collective bargaining: Employees Management Corporate organization Unions In line with the above definition McDonald’s may have considered the approach and settings of collective bargains as an important issue of employee relations. The German setting and approach McDonald’s may have considered establishing their approaches to collective bargaining in Germany: The traditional collective approach to Employee Relations (ER) in German companies is deeply rooted in the particular configuration of the German Industrial Relations (IR) system. This is characterized by a high degree of regulation and a dense, encompassing institutional infrastructure that imposes a uniform set of institutional constraints on companies, but at the same time provides incentives for employers to accept institutional constraints (Lane, 1995; Soskice, 1994). McDonalds, to establish its appro aches to collective bargaining this ER and IR framework may have been considered in first instance. In addition, the institutional structure is highly integrated with strong linkages, not only within the IR system, but also to the wider German businesses system. Key elements of the German model, to which the majority of German companies subscribe, are the centrally co-ordinated sector based collective bargaining system and employee representation at domestic level via the works council system equipped with statutory participation and consultation rights. Food industry in Germany is not beyond this mechanism where McDonald’s considerations regarding collective bargaining approach must have encompassed with statutory participation and employee consultation and codetermination rights. Indeed, German employers have to negotiate a densely structured institutional framework inside and outside the company level. The German approach to collective bargaining is also underwritten by st rong labor market legislation and an elaborate welfare system. Despite growing interest in individual bargaining style direct employee involvement mechanisms, their uptake has so far been comparably modest in German companies (Sperling, 1997). Because of the wide ranging rights of information, consultation and co-determination in the German food industry, the use of individual voice mechanisms is relatively unimportant in the German setting where collective bargaining still has the paramount influence. Therefore, in the international context, McDonald’s may have considered a propensity to support a collective approach to ER in their international operations by recognizing trade unions, engaging in collective bargaining and establishing strong workplace level employee representation systems.

Discharge plan and Legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Discharge plan and Legislation - Essay Example A typical scenario involves the screening of hospital records for Mr. Sharma within 24 hours of admission to identify if he is a high risk patient who requires discharge planning. A typical high risk criteria might include factors like being age 65 and older and living alone with no immediate social supports. Prior to being admitted to the hospital Mr. Sharma had a care giver who visited morning and evening. This is expected to continue after discharge. However, there are additional complications that will require the need for additional assistance. Mr. Sharma is now recovering from a stroke and is undergoing therapy to help in the process. Additionally, Mr. Sharma has a wound which he acquired on getting the stroke. This wound is slow to heal. Further, Mr. Sharma has mild osteo-arthritis which appears stable but may later cause pains and therefore curtain his movements significantly. This discharge plan relates to 87 year old Mr. Sharma who has a history of minor strokes, Type 2 dia betes which is diet controlled; and a past history of hypertension which has been well controlled with the use of the medication, bendrofluumethiazide. Mr. Sharma also has mild osteo-arthritis which appears stable. In his recent bout of stroke Mr. Sharma stumbled and fell resulting in a wound to his leg. The wound became infected and has been slow to heal. Additionally, on his admission to hospital Mr. Sharma’s blood sugar level was raised to 10mmol g per litre. Mr Sharma has been in hospital for the past ten days and based on the results of tests has made a good recovery. He is very keen on going back home and so it is important that a proper discharge plan be done. This plan should include health care officials at the hospital, social services, his caregiver, Mr. Sharma and his family. During discharge from hospital the Caregiver for Mr. Sharma should be consulted. The caregiver’s comments should be taken into consideration and both Mr. Sharma and his caregiver shoul d receive a copy of the discharge plan for Mr. Sharma detailing the care that is required. According to the British Geriatrics Society (2006), older people who have been discharged from hospital and are living in a community have higher levels of dependency as well as more complex health and social care needs than other patient groups. Mr Sharma is 87 and falls in this group. He has complex problems which include hypertension, Type 2 diabetes and a wound to his leg which he obtained when he stumbled after suffering a recent stroke. This infection has been slow to heal. There is no present sign of infection but it will require special care on discharge. There are a number of problems that 87 year old Mr. Sharma is likely to face on discharge, some of which should be dealt with before discharge. They include management of diet, exercise, wound care to prevent re-infection, and proper use of medication. It has been suggested that Mr. Sharma starts to attend a local Expert Patient Progr amme in his community which will be organised by the community matron. This will have an impact on planning. Discharge arrangements are dependent on social services, health authorities, NHS trusts and primary care groups/trusts BGS (2006). Mr. Sharma should be involved early in the assessment process and care plans should offer them real choice. Carers are also entitled by law to receive if they require an

Culture Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Culture Development - Essay Example A few examples include the learning a belief, way of doing things, even if they do not share a biological relationship which has led to development of the human "instincts". According to anthropologist, culture is not a product of biological evolution, but it is rather a mean of human adaptation to the world. Culture enables humans to change rapidly to the physical changes in the earth. The cultural phenomena is universal however, cultural adaptations changes from place to place with different set of meanings from place to place and people to people. As the culture has a symbolic system, it meanings also differs from place to place with changing beliefs, myths, rituals, tools making, house design, living and eating habits. A few anthropologists differentiate between symbolic and material culture, however since 1980 majority of archeologists agree, that the symbolic culture and material culture are interwoven and symbolic culture is expressed through material culture. Culture normally has certain unique characteristics such as: (a) symbols, which is an abstract way of referring to objects, ideas and feelings with the help of language;(b) culture is shared with in a group; (c) culture is not hereditary, but learned, even though people differ biologically, culturally they can have similar habits and behaviour; and Human being compr(d) Culture is adaptive. People use culture to quickly adjust and adopt to the changes in the world. Culture as a symbol Human being comprehends and communicates in symbols. It is these symbols, which allow people to develop complex ideas and thoughts with other people and language and arts are symbolic in nature, which makes it easier than gestures to express human emotions through symbols. A symbol some times has a relation or may not have any association with an object or idea. For example for Americans, the combination of white, blue and red colour has special meaning, the people in China consider red colour sacred one. In reality such colour may not have any practical purpose, but if these colour are combined in a shape of flag, people are willing to die for it as it stands as a symbol of honour for a nation. In order to convey, new ideas, human being has to constantly create new symbols and add more meanings to their expressions and feelings. Sometimes, one word is used to convey an idea, and some times combination of words are used to convey some deeper meaning. Human beings right from birth are able to construct and comprehend such complex symbols. Language provides a mean to store and communicate such expression, but some times it exceeds the capacity of the non-human animal. For example Chimpanzees, which are the closest genetic relative to human have few unique calls and gestures to communicate with each other. Chimpanzee in the lab experiments have been taught to communicate in sign language and were able to master a vocabulary of few hundred words, however chimpanzees do not have developed vocal tract like human beings. Culture through Learning Human beings are not born with culture, it is rather learned by living in a society. In all human societies children learn culture by imitating adults through the process of enculturation, which takes years to complete. In all human societies, children learn culture from adults and this process is called enculturation, or cultural transmission. However, it is not only

Cystic Fibrosis :: essays research papers

Cystic Fibrosis Shelby Parker sits in the lotus position in the middle of a hospital bed, her slender arms resting on the pillow in her lap. Cystic fibrosis is catching up with her. At 23 years old Shelby stands at five foot two inches and weighs seventy pounds. She seems impossibly thin, her limbs are so frail it's a wonder she can lift a glass of water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just a year ago, Shelby was a fulltime college student, but now she spends day and night connected to an oxygen tank. A hose runs into her nose, another pumps intravenous antibiotics into her arm. An infection almost killed her in January, and nothing short of a lung transplant will save her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A tiny doe-eyed women with a child's voice, Shelby is in a life and death show down with her disease. Her lungs, scarred by repeated infections, are failing. Ten years ago, death would have loomed certain. Today there is hope. Just a few miles from where Shelby waits, doctors at the University of North Carolina are leading a national effort to cure cystic fibrosis by repairing the faulty gene that causes the disease. But that prospect is still very far off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Shelby, the only real hope lies in the hands her doctors who have the power to remove her weak, scarred lungs and replace them with a healthy set.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cystic Fibrosis is a disease caused by an inherited genetic defect. It is not contagious, yet about one in twenty-three people in the United States carry at least one defective gene. This statistic makes cystic fibrosis the most common genetic defect of its severity in the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many, cystic fibrosis used to be known as a childhood disease, and to some it still is. Just thirty years ago, the median survival age was only eight, but thanks to medical advances, life expectancy is now just under forty for cystic fibrosis patients. Today there are an alarming number of adults with this disease who face an added set of problems such as: finding health insurance, going to college, getting a job, and building permanent relationships- all while keeping up physical therapy and medications. For many years the causes of cystic fibrosis were a mystery, but recent advances in biology have made the reasons much more clear. Humans have a gene encoded in their DNA, which manufactures a special protein called CFTR. This protein controls the flow of chloride ions across the cell membrane.

Caribbean studies IA Essay

For much too long Trinidad has been a home to appalling murder rates, gang violence and mass illicit drug and weapon trading. These unlawful activities were starting to take a toll on the country’s economy, international reputation and law abiding citizens. During mid August 2011, the county lost seven persons in the space of 24 hours to murder, driving the murder toll to 263.These allegedly gang related homicides persuaded Prime Minister Kamla Persad- Bissessar to declare a limited state of emergency in the country with an accompanying curfew of 9pm – 5am in designated â€Å"hot spots† for fifteen days on the 21st August, 2011. The state of emergency was further extended until 5th December, 2011. The recent state of emergency in Trinidad (August 21st 2011- 5th December 2011) was chosen in relevance to Caribbean Studies because it was one of the most recent events that had a serious impact on the lives of the citizens. The financial and cultural inconveniences faced by my family during this state of emergency persuaded me to study this event. The researcher is under the opinion that the state of emergency was the government’s â€Å"quick fix† for the crime situation which had no long term worth to the country. It is intriguing that as soon as the curfew was lifted, criminal activities continued whilst the state of emergency continued. This implied that the cultural and financial inconveniences associated with the state of emergency had no value if crime were to continue as normal prior to the state of emergency. The purpose of this study is to access the practicality of state of emergency 2011 to the citizens of Trinidad and the criminal future of the county. This study conducted locally is an attempt to compare the experiences and views of a small cross- section of local businessmen and women with what is reported by economic experts and government officials in the local reports. Educational Value For this study, the researcher hopes to raise awareness on the effects of state of emergencies on the general public and to help others to critically assess other decisions made by their government and determine whether or not they are profitable to them on an individual and societal basis. These evaluations would make for a better educated, developed society. Also, the researcher hopes this study would be helpful to future students conducting research on a similar topic. Problem Statement Was the state of emergency 21st August, 2011- 5th December, 2011 beneficial to the citizens of Trinidad? Research Questions (1)How did the state of emergency impact on the culture of the citizens of Trinidad and Tobago? (2)How did the state of emergency impact on the small local businesses of Trinidad and Tobago? (3) How successful was the state of emergency in its efforts to crack down on crime? Delimitations The questionnaires were given only to persons who owned small businesses in order to research the impact of the state of emergency 2011 (August 21st- December 5th, 2011) on small businesses as well as culture and crime. Also, for the purpose of investigating at the immediate effect of the state of emergency on crime, criminal statistics from February 2011 and February 2012 were compared. Definition of Terms Illegal- forbidden by law. Narcotics- any of a class of substances that blunt the senses. Culture- the ways of life of a people within a society. Homicide- the killing of a human being by another. Legislation- Law enacted by a legislative body Act- A formal decision, law, or the like, by a legislature, ruler, court, or other authority. Curfew- an order establishing a specific time in the evening after which specific regulations apply, especially that no civilians or other specified group of unauthorized persons may be outdoors or that spaces of public assembly must be closed. Economy- the management of the resources of a country. Ammunition- the material fired, scattered, dropped, or denoted from any weapon. Tribunal- court of justice. State of Emergency- a governmental declaration that may suspend some normal functions of the executive, legislative and judicial powers, alert citizens to change their normal behaviours, or order government agencies to implement emergency preparedness plans. Government- the political direction and control exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, or inhabitants of communities, societies, and states; direction of the affairs of a state, community LITERATURE REVIEW The state of emergency 2011 (August 21st- December 5th 2011) was a decision made by the government to halt the spike in gang activity and crime in general in the shortest time possible. However, continuous complaints of regular citizens led investigators to believe that the state of emergency had no noteworthy effect on crime whilst disrupting the natural flow of small businesses and person’s everyday lives. At first the state of emergency had astonishing results, where on September 5th 2011 a reported 1, 356 alleged criminals had been detained, 33 guns and more than 1,700 rounds of ammunition were seized. Prime Minister Kamla Persad- Bissessar declared the state of emergency a success and opted to extend the event until December 5th 2011. However, no detainees had yet been brought before the three-member tribunal established by the Chief Justice Ivor Archie to review their cases (Richards, P. (2011, September 5th) Trinidad: State of emergency in more ways than one. Global Issues. http://www.globalissues.org/news). By 5th December, 2011 a total of 8,118 alleged criminals were arrested, 400 of which were under the Anti- Gang regulations. Since then, all the men arrested under that Anti-Gang Act were freed. During the state of emergency 45 homicides had been recorded, 15 of which occurred after the lifting of the curfew. (Alli, J. (2011, December 5th) State of Emergency Ends. C. News. http://ctntworld.com/LocalArticles). To date, the TTPS (Trinidad and Tobago Police Service) boasts that the state of emergency has allowed them to gather crucial intelligence. (Alli, J, 2011, December 5th). According to the Police Service Serious Crime Statistics, the murder rate has seen a slight decrease from 72 murders in February 2011 to 67 murders in February 2012 whilst there has been even greater success in the narcotics trade with only 56 cases being reported by February 2012 compared to the 69 cases by February 2011. However, the state of emergency seems to have had no effect on â€Å"smaller† crimes such as robberies which have increased by 11% since 2011. (Bhagan, K. (2012) Policed Service Serious Crime Statistics. Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago http://www.ttps.gov.tt/Statistics/). The state of emergency also brought with it some short- term and long term consequences for local businesses with its imposed curfew negatively impacting the entertainment industry. According to economist Indera Sagewan- Alli the extended curfew would â€Å"†¦. damage economic growth and the country’s prospects for growth this year†¦. It will bite into small businesses, restaurants, nightclubs, factories and even hurt Christmas sales†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She went on to say that once a country is under state of emergency, that in itself is a disincentive to foreign investors who will not be inclined to choose Trinidad until the state of emergency is lifted and local investors will follow the trend. During the state of emergency, business in the service industry had felt a significant bite in their revenues, restaurants and nightclubs for example lost approximately 90% of their revenue. The negative impacts on the service industry were to be mainly blamed on the curfew with the state of emergency and once the curfew was lifted, businesses were given a chance to revive themselves. (Bridglal, C. (2011, September 6th) State of Emergency Damaging to the Economy. Trinidad Express Newspapers http://www.trinidadexpress.com/businessmagazine) On the other hand, according to the Governor of the Central Bank, Mr. Ewart Williams â€Å"†¦. If the state of emergency succeeds in significantly reducing the rule of crime then, it should, in the long term, help the business climate. That is what we are hoping for†¦ The big issue is the extent to which the cost you pay is compensated by the benefits that you get down the road and it is only time will tell†¦ potential investors will adopt a wait and see approach on the way forward for business with this country.† (Bridglal, C.) The state of emergency’s success with regards to the local businesses cannot yet be determined until a substantial decrease in crime is seen, in the mean while local businesses especially those involved in night life are still recovering from the mass loss in revenue during the event. A major disruption in the everyday lives of the citizens also accompanied the state of emergency. This interference however was to be totally blamed on the curfew which had both positive and negative effects. According to Prime Minister Kamla Persad- Bissessar’s state of emergency address the curfew would have had a positive effect in promoting family life and in the future, make families feel safer in their own homes. This promotion in family life might have had an impact on the value systems of the people, in turn changing their habits and thus, changing the culture of the people for the better. (Alli, J. (2011, August 21st) Breaking news: State of emergency declared. Trinidad Express Newspapers. http://www.trinidadexpress.com/news/BREAKING-NEWS) The state of emergency in Trinidad only lasted for 104 days and so would not have had a permanent impact on the cultural celebrations of the people such as Divali and Eid- Ul- Fitr. The present study is located within this body of both Caribbean and International data and presents survey data on the impacts of the state of emergency on an individual basis to the citizens of Trinidad. It adds to the growing body of work on the success of the state of emergency 2011 (August 21st- December 5th, 2011), as few studies have yet been undertaken specifically on this topic. While survey data provides only a ‘snapshot’, this study could be extended by researchers in the future to obtain more in- depth perspectives. The quantitative data acquired from the total of twenty five respondents determined the beneficial and non- beneficial effects felt by the citizens of Trinidad during the recent state of emergency 21st August- 5th December 2011. According to FIGURE 1.0 a high percentage of the respondents (70%) stated that the state of emergency affected their cultural celebrations whilst only 30% of the interviewed said that the state of emergency had no impact on their cultural celebrations. The common cultural celebrations affected were Divali (25%), Eid- Ul-Fitr(45%), weddings (8%). The most uncommon cultural celebrations were placed into a group called â€Å"other† which held 12% of the interviewed. FIGURE 1.0 answered the first research question, â€Å"How did the state of emergency impact on the on the culture of the citizens of Trinidad and Tobago?† According to this figure, the allocated curfew and the ban of pyrotechnics during the state of emergency were mainly responsible for the cultural interruptions. FIGURE 2.0 described the effects of the state of emergency on family life. 67% of the respondents stated that the state of emergency had some impact on their family life whilst 33% stated that it did not. All of the responses pertaining to this figure dealt with the state of emergency’s associated curfew, even those who said that the state of emergency had no effects on their family life all stated that this was most likely because the curfew did not affect them. The other respondents were further broken up into two groups. Those whose families were affected positively (86%) and those who were affected negatively (14%). familiar problems whilst those who were affected positively said that the state of emergency’s curfew forced them to spend more time together. FIGURE 2.0 aided in answering the problem statement which was whether or not the state of emergency was beneficial to the citizens of Trinidad as well the first research question. FIGURE 3.0 showed the effects on business profits in Trinidad during the 2011 state of emergency. 25% of the interviewed claimed that their profits decreased by 100% while 22% claimed that their profits decreased by 70%. Another 21% claimed that their profits decreased by 50%, 10% said that their profits decreased by 20% and 19% said that their profits remained the same. Only 3% of the interviewed claimed to have an increase in business profits during the state of emergency 2011. These results were most likely due to the curfew and ban on pyrotechnics associated with the state of emergency. The ban on pyrotechnics would have greatly decreased the firework sales during the Divali and Eid seasons. The curfew would have affected the sales of night food vendors and night entertainment industry, decreasing sales. Some businesses probably altered their business hours preventing a drastic decrease in profits. FIGURE 3.0 answered the second research question â€Å"How did the state of emergency impact on the small local businesses in Trinidad?† FIGURE 4.0 showed the reasons for the decrease or increases in business profits during the state of emergency given by the surveyed. A dominating 84% of the interviewed stated that the restricted hours of the state of emergency was responsible for the loss in business. 12% stated that their products or skills were not required during the state of emergency causing a loss in business. On the other hand 4% of the interviewed said people spent less money on socializing during the state of emergency and were able to purchase their products. FIGURE 4.0 aided in answering the second research question. FIGURE 5.0 showed the effects of the state of emergency 2011 on businesses in present day and their opinions of the future. 79% of the interviewed said that their business returned to usual profits after the state of emergency had ended. 69% of these persons stated that the return of usual business profits was due to the return of regular business hours whilst 31% said that it was due to people feeling safer at night after the state of emergency, promoting their business. On the other hand 21% of the interviewed claimed that their business profits did not improve after the state of emergency. All of the interviewed simultaneously said that this was due to persons still recovering from the state of emergency thus, having less money to spend. The diagram also shows that 23% of the surveyed predicted that there would be an improvement in the business sector of Trinidad after the state of emergency, all of whom agreed that foreign companies would tend to invest in the economy since the crime situation has been stabalised by the state of emergency. However, the majority (77%) said that the state of emergency would not improve the business sector of Trinidad. 48% of which stated that the â€Å"drug kings† were released and continue to run the economy whilst 52% stated that the illegal importation of goods still exists making it tough for smaller businesses to make a profit. FIGURE 5.0 helps to answer the second research question. FIGURE 6.0 shows how safe persons felt during the state of emergency and after. During the state of emergency, 70% of the interviewed felt safer whilst 10% felt less safe. 20% said that they felt no change in safety during that state of emergency. This was most likely as a result of persons feeling safer due to the large number or arrests made during the state of emergency and the increase in police patrols. Other persons may have felt targeted and in danger of the police officers. After the state of emergency, 30% of the interviewed claimed that they felt safer, 53% felt no change in their safety whilst 17% felt less safe. Persons may have felt no difference in their safety after the state of emergency since the majority of the detained criminals were released due to a lack of evidence against them. Some may have felt safer due to the continued actions of the protective forces after the state of emergency and some may have felt less safe with the continued increase in gang activitie s after the state of emergency. FIGURE 6.0 aids in answering the third research question â€Å"How effective was the state of emergency in its efforts to crack down on crime?† FIGURE 7.0 shows the view of the interviewed on whether or not the government should have taken other measures to curb Trinidad’s crime problem other that the state of emergency. 42% of the interviewed agreed, 27% strongly agreed, 22% disagreed and 9% strongly disagreed. FIGURE 7.0 aids in answering the problem statement. FIGURE 8.0 shows the percentage of persons who thought the state of emergency was beneficial to them as citizens of Trinidad. 27% of the interviewed thought that the state of emergency was beneficial to them whilst 73% did not. FIGURE 8.0 answered the problem statement. The persons who agreed that state of emergency was not beneficial to them and that other measures should have been taken to cut criminal activity were possibly under the impression that the release of criminals after the state of emergency due to a lack of evidence did not help in eradicating crime but â€Å"bottling† it. The people agreed with the state of emergency and thought that it was beneficial to them were most likely appreciative of the large mass of narcotics and arms seized during the state of emergency as well as the few criminals who were further detained by the police. According to the data obtained, the majority of people were affected by the state of emergency culturally and financially. This was mainly as a result of the ban of pyrotechnics and the imposed curfew. The few exceptions were explained by persons who were obviously not affected by these impositions or those who altered their celebrations and business hours. The majority of people were not in favour of the state of emergency since it seemingly had no long term effect on the crime in Trinidad. A few felt unsafe, stating that they felt targeted by the police, some were indifferent and the others agreed with the state of emergency. They possibly saw the effects of the state of emergency to be successful and were grateful for the efforts taken by the government. DICSUSSION OF FINDINGS As seen from both the results of the questionnaire and the literature articles, the state of emergency in Trinidad (21st August- 5th December 2011) did have both negative and positive impacts on the lives of the citizens. According to FIGURE 1.0, the state of emergency definitely had a negative impact on two of the most popular religious festivals of Eid- Ul- Fitr and Divali which are very vital to the cultural identity of Trinidad. The interruptions were mainly due to the proposed curfew and ban of pyrotechnics. The interruption in such events would however not continue since the state of emergency ended on December 5th, 2011 and should not have a permanent destructive effect on culture. On the other hand FIGURE 2.0 showed that the state of emergency had mostly positive effects on family life as expressed in the Prime Minister’s State of Emergency Address, which could have potential long term positive effects on culture. Hence, if the state of emergency did have a prominent impact on culture, it would be mostly positive. According to FIGURE 3.0, during the state of emergency local business profits mainly decreased with less than 5% portion of the surveyed claiming to see an increase. FIGURE 4.0 explained these decreases in profits to be a result of forced the limited hours of business and the lack of desire for particular products and skills. The surveyed claimed their increase in business was mainly due the restricting curfew encouraging persons to spend less money on socializing and more money on their products. This data is similar to the statements made by economist Indera Sagewan- Alli who predicted that the state of emergency, mainly its curfew, would have a damaging impact on small businesses in Trinidad, harming economic growth. The Governor of the Central Bank, Mr. Ewart Williams however, had a different outlook on the state of emergency. He thought the severe crime situation to be hindering economic growth and saw the state of emergency, if successful, as an avenue to strengthen the business sector of the country. According to FIGURE 5.0 the majority of business profits had returned to normal and in other cases was still suffering from the state of emergency. Not one business saw an increase in business profits. The majority of the surveyed predicted no future increase in business profits since the bulk of alleged criminals had been released back into society. The majority of the obtained data did not support Mr. Williams’ statement. Hence, the state of emergency had a negative impact on the small businesses. The major aim of the state of emergency was to cut down on crime in Trinidad making it a safer home for the citizens. FIGURE 6.0 revealed that the mass of the sample felt safer during the state of emergency, which is most likely a result of mass numbers of alleged criminals detained and weapons seized during the state of emergency. However, after the state of emergency, the greater part of the sample said that they felt no difference in their safety which is most likely a result of the mass of detainees being released back into society. The Police Service Serious Crime Statistics showed no major decrease in criminal activity after the state of emergency nor did the general public feel safer. Hence, at this point in time the state of emergency had not had a major positive impact on crime. FIGURE 7.0 and FIGURE 8.0 showed that majority of the study thought the state of emergency to be non beneficial to them and would have preferred if other measures were taken by the government to curb the crime problem in. To date, there has not been a significant reduction in crime which was the main purpose of the state of emergency. The state of emergency did not only have positive but also negative impacts on the small businesses and culture of the people. In the case of this study, the state of emergency was not truly beneficial to the citizens of Trinidad. The research conducted therefore concludes that the state of emergency was a poor decision made by the government of Trinidad which had no real effect on criminal activities and hindered the financial and cultural lives of the citizens. Hopefully the research conducted would encourage people to take a closer look at the decisions made by their government and encourage the government to be more cautious when making decisions that could potentially disrupt the lives of a large number of people for the worse. Also, the findings may be used by other researchers who may to compare the direct impact of the state of emergency to that of the delayed impact of the state of emergency. CONCLUSION The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the state of emergency 2011 (August 21st- December 5th) was beneficial to the citizens of Trinidad. The state of emergency negatively affected some of the most popular cultural celebrations in Trinidad. It was however not very lengthy and so its associated repercussions would not have had a permanent effect on culture. On the other hand, the state of emergency did benefit family life in most cases, strengthening the values of the institute family. Hence, the state of emergency 2011 had more of a positive impact on culture. The state of emergency had mainly a negative effect on small businesses which were mainly a result of the curfew. After its end, the majority of small businesses had gone back to their regular turnovers with a few exceptions. Not one business surveyed had an increase in business profits and the majority did not predict an increase since the event did not provide a significant decrease in the crime rate. Hence, the state of emergency was not beneficial to the majority of small businesses of Trinidad. Through my research, it can be concluded that the state of emergency was not beneficial to the majority of the citizens of Trinidad and other efforts such as the implementation of other laws with similar but less harsh repercussions to that of the state of emergency would be more advantageous to the citizens. LIMITATIONS Throughout my research, many limitations were encountered, reducing the accuracy of the study. Firstly, data collected by the means of questionnaires were collected from a sample limited to the town of Marabella a department of the city of San Fernando for easy accessibility. This means that only people in those areas were surveyed, and hence the entire population of San Fernando was not well represented and hence my research may only represent that portion of San Fernando. Also, my sources were very limited due to the fact that the state of emergency 2011 (August 21st- December 5th 2011) was a very recent event and there were not many studies done were present. Hence, the search for appropriate resources was time consuming and difficult. Lastly, my domain was a very large one and could not be properly be represented by my sample size. Hence, the conclusion drawn may not fully represent the entire business community of Trinidad since the sample size was so small, making the conclusio n slightly biased. RECOMMENDATIONS With regard to the topic studied, a number of recommendations can be made: †¢The curfew of the state of emergency seemed to cause the majority of the problems and hence, if one were to occur again it should not be accompanied by a curfew to prevent negative cultural and economic consequences. †¢The Trinidad and Tobago Police Service should conduct more random yet regular patrols and raids, to cut down on the illegal trade of narcotics and murders. †¢The Anti- Gang Act 2011 and Bail Amendment Act 2011 which are both already- enacted legislations should be used more frequently. These legislations allow for the persons for up to 120 days without bail. Hence, it gives the police service more time to gather appropriate evidence to ensure prosecution of criminals. BIBLIOGRAPHY Anonymous. (2011, August 21st) Breaking news: State of emergency declared. Trinidad Express Newspapers. Retrieved January 15th, 2012 from, http://www.trinidadexpress.com/news/BREAKING-NEWS-State-of-Emergency-declared-128160123.html Anonymous. (2011, December 5th) State of emergency ends. C. News. Retrieved January 15th, 2012 from, http://ctntworld.com/LocalArticles.aspx?id=35954 Anonymous. (2012) Policed Service Serious Crime Statistics. Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Retrieved March 18th, 2012 from http://www.ttps.gov.tt/Statistics/tabid/141/Default.asp Bridglal, C. (2011, September 6th) State of emergency damaging to the economy. Trinidad Express Newspapers. Retrieved January 15th, 2012 from http://www.trinidadexpress.com/business-magazine/_State_of_emergency__damaging_to_economy_-129350363.html Richards, P. (2011, September 5th) Trinidad: State of emergency in more ways than one. Global Issues. Retrieved January 15th, 2011 from, http://www.globalissues.org/news /2011/09/05/11066 APPENDIX The questionnaire is for a school research project based on the State of Emergency 21st August- 5th December 2011 in Trinidad. All information will be kept in the strictest confidence. The researcher is grateful for the time and effort you take in completing the questionnaire below. Please tick the response most likely to be correct. (1)Did the recent state of emergency affect your usual cultural celebrations? 0 Yes 0 No (Move on to question four if your answer is no) (2)If yes, state the cultural celebration(s) that was/ were affected by the recent state of emergency. (3)How was/ were these celebration(s) affected by the state of emergency? (4)Do you think the state of emergency was worth the interruption in your usual celebrations? 0 Yes 0 No (5)Did the state of emergency have an impact on your family life? 0 Yes, negatively. 0Yes, positively. 0 No. (6)If you chose either â€Å"yes† option in the previous question, in what way did the state of emergency affect your family life? (7)Did the state of emergency have a negative impact on you financially? 0 Yes. 0 No. (8)If you answered yes in the previous question, how did the state of emergency affect you financially? (9) As a business owner, did your usual profits deplete during the state of emergency? 0 Yes (approx. 100%) 0 Yes (approx 20%) 0 Yes (approx. 70%) 0 No. 0 Yes (approx. 50%) 0 No. My profits increased by (9) What do you believe was the cause for your decline/ increase in business profits? (10)Since the end of the state of emergency, has your business returned to its usual profits? 0 Yes. 0 It has improved. 0 No. (11) If there is an improvement in your business, do you think it is due to the state of emergency? State why. 0 Yes. 0 No. (12) Government officials have predicted that there would be an overall improvement in the business sector of the country due to the recent state of emergency. Do you agree? State why. (13) Did you feel safer than usual during the state of emergency? State why. 0 Yes. 0 No. 0 No I felt more unsafe. (14) Do you feel safer now that the state of emergency has ended? 0 Yes I feel safer. 0 No. 0 No I feel more unsafe. (15) Do you think the state of emergency will improve the crime situation in the country in the long term? 0 Yes, it will improve. 0No, there will be no change. 0 No, it will deteriorate. (16)Explain your answer for the previous question? (17) Do you think the state of emergency was a solution to the crime problem of Trinidad? 0 Yes. 0No. (18)The government should have taken other measures to curb the crime problem. 0 I agree. 0 I disagree. 0 I strongly agree. 0 I strongly disagree. (19) Do you think the state of emergency was worth the problems faced by the citizens of Trinidad? 0 Yes. 0 No. (20)Was the state of emergency beneficial to you as a citizen of Trinidad? 0 Yes. 0 No.